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Federal Legislative History: Floor Action & Votes

Find the purpose or intent of a law by researching its legislative history.

Debates, Discussion & Votes

The Congressional Record is a daily log of the activities of Congress, setting forth debates and speeches given in both the House and the Senate. It provides discussions, debates and voting records on proposed legislation.  Bills, conference prints and reports may be available through the Congressional Record as well. Each session has an index which will give citations to the page of the Congressional Record in which any activity on a given bill took place. The Daily Digest is a summary of the Congressional Record and also provides information on debates, reports and conference committee meetings on bills.

Print
Desk
1833-
HeinOnline
1833-
Lexis
RECORD
1985-
Westlaw
CR
1985-
Web
Thomas, Library of Congress
1989-
Web
1994-
Web
American Memory, Debates
1789-1875

Votes

In addition to being recorded in the Congressional Record, voting results can often be found in print indexes or online.

Print
CCH Cong. Index, (RES) KF49 .C6
1971-1998, 2008-2011
Print
CCH Cong. Index, Library Depository
1945-1998
Lexis
CVTARC
1989-
Web
U.S. Senate, votes
1989-
Web
House of Representatives, votes
1990-
Web
1991-

Congressional Record

As you might imagine from its name, the Congressional Record is a catch-all for legislative history.  In addition to debate, it captures calendars, votes and sometimes bill texts.  Members of Congress can ask that any manner of documents be "read into the record."  Consulting the index or using the full-text searching on HeinOnline will help you find materials in the Congressional Record.

CR v. CR

The Congressional Record is published daily while Congress is in session. A permanent edition is produced once the session is complete and is the preferred citation. The daily and permanent editions differ in both content and organization (chiefly pagination). While each edition provides its own index, there is no table that tells where a page from the daily edition appears in the permanent edition, or vice versa. Though, HeinOnline has a Congressional Record Daily to Bound Locator for years 1986-2006.