CIA World Factbook
Profiles of every country in the world
List of largest cities - Wikipedia
Current information on cultural, geographic, and political conditions from various sources.
Ethnologue: Languages of the World
A very inclusive collection of entries containing information on the languages of the world, including language maps and statistical summaries
Online version of the Europa World Yearbook, covering political and economic information for over 250 countries, territories and international organizations
Library of Congress Country Studies
Offers detailed information on over 100 countries (excludes many Western countries)
U.S. Topographic Maps
View U.S. topographic maps
National Atlas of the United States
The National Atlas of the United States provides various maps from over 20 federal agencies, as well as an option for creating your own map with custom data
National Weather Service
Current weather conditions and forecasts
U.S. Department of State Background Notes
A collection of entries that include facts about the land, people, history, government, political conditions, economy, and foreign relations of independent states, some dependencies, and areas of special sovereignty.