The latest edition of the Statistical Abstract of the United States (census.gov) provides historical statistics on a range of topics including population, immigration, marital status, households, births and deaths, etc. See also Proquests's version of the Statistical Abstract of the United States.
Polling the Nations compiles surveys conducted by polling organizations in the United States as well as other countries from 1986 to the present. Each record reports a question asked and the responses given. Also included in each record is the polling organization responsible for the work, the date the information was released, the sample size, and universe. All the surveys reported here were conducted using scientifically selected random samples.